SINOV LABORATORIYASINI AKKREDITATSIYAGA TAYYORLASH UCHUN SIFAT MENEJMENTI TIZIMINI ISHLAB CHIQISH
This article addresses the development of a Quality Management System (QMS) to prepare a testing laboratory for accreditation in compliance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2017. A GAP analysis established the laboratory's initial conformity level at 50%, after which a four-stage QMS model was proposed that elevated conformity to 91%. The model encompasses documentation system formation, personnel competency assessment, metrological support of measuring equipment and internal audit implementation. The research findings provide a practical roadmap for testing laboratories in the Republic of Uzbekistan seeking accreditation.
accreditation, quality management system, testing laboratory, ISO/IEC 17025, calibration, documentation, internal audit, personnel competency, metrology.
РАЗВИТИЕ ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНЫХ ОСНОВ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ АККРЕДИТАЦИИ В СООТВЕТСТВИИ С ТРЕБОВАНИЯМИ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО СТАНДАРТА ISO/IEC 17011
В данной статье исследуются институциональные и макроэкономические основы гармонизации системы аккредитации органов по оценке соответствия с требованиями международного стандарта ISO/IEC 17011:2017. Автор предлагает модель создания Национального агентства, подотчетного напрямую Правительству и полностью независимого от органов исполнительной власти и отраслевых монополий, что необходимо для международного признания национальной инфраструктуры качества. В статье освещены механизмы минимизации классического конфликта интересов, возникающего из-за участия государства на рынке, и внедрения «Совета по обеспечению беспристрастности» с привлечением частного сектора и научных кругов. Также анализируются перспективы интеграции системы в международные соглашения ILAC и IAF, позволяющие достичь глобального признания национальных протоколов испытаний и устранения технических барьеров в экспорте.
аккредитация, ISO/IEC 17011:2017, инфраструктура качества, независимость, конфликт интересов, Совет по обеспечению беспристрастности, ILAC, IAF, экспорт, технические барьеры
MAHALLIY MAHSULOTLAR SIFATINI XALQARO TALABLARGA MOSLASHTIRISH BO‘YICHA GERMANIYA TAJRIBASINI TAHLIL QILISH VA O‘ZBEKISTON SHAROITIDA QO‘LLASHDA E’TIBORGA MOLIK TOMONLAR
Germany, recognized as one of the world’s leading countries in industrial product quality management, has established an advanced system of standardization, certification, metrology, and conformity assessment, which ensures the high competitiveness of its products in global markets. This article analyzes Germany’s experience in harmonizing the quality of domestic products with international requirements and evaluates the possibilities of applying this experience within the industrial and regulatory environment of Uzbekistan. By applying comparative analysis, regulatory document review, and institutional benchmarking methods, the key success factors of Germany’s quality infrastructure model are identified. Based on the findings, adaptation mechanisms are proposed to enhance Uzbekistan’s export potential, strengthen its technical regulation system, and accelerate integration into international markets.
quality management, standardization, certification, German experience, conformity assessment, technical regulation, international standards
AVTOMOBILLARDA XAVFSIZLIK YOSTIQCHALARI HAMDA TEXNOLOGIK RIVOJLANISHI VA ERGONOMIK AHAMIYATI
This article analyzes the technological development trends of airbag systems in automobiles, their design features, and their impact on driver and passenger safety. The study examines the functional structure of airbag systems, modern sensor technologies, integration with vehicle interiors, and intelligent control algorithms. Furthermore, the influence of airbags on human anatomy and injury mechanisms is evaluated based on scientific sources and the experience of modern automobile manufacturers. The results of the study indicate that improving airbag systems on innovative and ergonomic principles is an important factor in enhancing the passive safety level of vehicles.
airbags, passive safety, sensor systems, pyrotechnics, crash sensor, occupant protection, vehicle safety, injury mechanism
CLASSICAL ENGINEERING VS. DEEP SPATIO-TEMPORAL PARADIGMS IN VIDEO POLYP SEGMENTATION: A SYSTEMATIC COMPARATIVE REVIEW
This systematic review compares three foundational paradigms in Video Polyp Segmentation (VPS) for automated colonoscopy: classical engineering, static 2D deep learning, and recurrent spatio-temporal architectures. While the field has shifted from geometric rules to data-driven networks, balancing frame-level accuracy with temporal consistency remains a critical engineering challenge. Using the multi-center SUN-SEG database, we establish a structural taxonomy by evaluating each paradigm's mathematical formulation, failure modes, and throughput under clinical artifacts like specular reflections, motion blur, and out-of-view events. Our synthesis reveals that classical hand-crafted methods offer deterministic explainability but fail under imaging noise. Memory-less 2D deep networks achieve high spatial accuracy but suffer from boundary flickering and tracking dropouts due to an inter-frame blind spot. Conversely, recurrent spatio-temporal hybrids exhibit superior resilience; by integrating bottleneck gating mechanics, they leverage historical hidden states to stabilize boundaries and project polyp shapes through intense noise without sacrificing real-time throughput. This mapping outlines key architectural trade-offs, serving as a deployment reference for future video-stream intelligence frameworks.
Video Polyp Segmentation; Spatio-Temporal Modeling; ConvLSTM
O‘ZBEKISTONDA SHAXSIY MA'LUMOTLARNI MUHOFAZA QILISH AMALIYUOTI
Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekistonda shaxsiy ma’lumotlarni muhofaza qilishning huquqiy va institutsional asoslari tahlil qilinadi. Raqamli iqtisodiyotning rivojlanishi sharoitida fuqarolarning shaxsiy hayot daxlsizligi va ma’lumotlar xavfsizligini ta’minlash dolzarb masala hisoblanadi. Maqolada amaldagi qonunchilik bazasi, xalqaro tajriba bilan uyg‘unlashuv hamda shaxsiy ma’lumotlarni qayta ishlashdagi muammolar yoritilgan.
shaxsiy ma’lumotlar, axborot xavfsizligi, shaxsiy hayot daxlsizligi, kiberxavfsizlik, sub’ekt huquqlari, O‘zbekiston qonunchiligi
UZLUKSIZ ISHLAB CHIQARISHDA INTELEKTUAL TIZIMLAR
Intelligent systems are technological systems based on artificial intelligence, designed to analyze data and solve complex problems. They are often used to imitate human behavior, perform self-learning, and assist in problem-solving processes.
ntelligent systems, artificial intelligence, sensors, scanners, Excel, SPSS, Python.
ГИДРОХИМИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ПОДЗЕМНЫХ И ПОВЕРХНОСТНЫХ ВОД В УСЛОВИЯХ ИНТЕНСИВНОГО ОРОШЕНИЯ
В статье приведена гидрохимическая характеристика подземных и поверхностных вод Мирзачульского орошаемого массива в условиях интенсивного орошения. Исследование выполнено на основе результатов химических анализов проб воды, отобранных из магистральных каналов, коллекторно-дренажной сети и наблюдательных скважин различной глубины. Проведен анализ минерализации, общей жесткости и химического состава поверхностных и подземных вод. Установлено, что воды магистральных каналов характеризуются низкой минерализацией (0,64-0,98 г/л) и относятся преимущественно к сульфатно-кальциевому и сульфатно- магниевому типам, тогда как коллекторно-дренажные воды отличаются повышенной минерализацией до 2,55 г/л и жесткостью до 33,0 мг-экв/л. Выявлено, что в центральной и западной частях исследуемой территории минерализация подземных вод достигает 8-15,82 г/л. Установлено, что качество подземных вод улучшается с глубиной, а в среднечетвертичных водоносных комплексах распространены преимущественно пресные воды. Полученные результаты подтверждают существенное влияние ирригационных и инфильтрационных процессов на формирование гидрохимического режима подземных вод.
подземные воды, поверхностные воды, гидрохимия, минерализация, жесткость воды, химический состав вод, интенсивное орошение, коллекторно-дренажные воды, водоносный горизонт, гидрогеология, Мирзачульский регион.
MASOFAVIY ROBOT MANIPULYATORLARNI VR/AR MUHITIDA SAMARALI BOSHQARISHNI DASTURIY YECHIMINI ISHLAB CHIQISH
This paper presents a new conceptual approach to intelligent control of remote manipulators based on VR/AR interfaces. The proposed method interprets operator movements through a natural biomechanical model, uses a predictive algorithm that compensates for latency, and synchronizes feedback in a visual representation. The results obtained demonstrate a significant increase in control accuracy and operator comfort in VR/AR-based telemanipulation systems.
VR interfaces, AR interfaces, telemanipulator, intuitive control, predictive control, haptic feedback, spatial synchronization, hand-motion model, remote robotics, operator-interface integration
TEXNOLOGIK TA’LIM DARSLARIDA SUN’IY INTELLEKT TEXNOLOGIYALARIDAN FOYDALANISH ORQALI O‘QUVCHILARNING TEXNIK-IJODIY KOMPETENSIYALARINI RIVOJLANTIRISH METODIKASI
This article analyzes the theoretical and practical foundations of developing students’ technical and creative competencies through the use of artificial intelligence technologies in technology education classes. The study examines the impact of digital learning environments, AI-based educational tools, and project-based learning activities on students’ technical thinking, problem-solving abilities, and creativity. A methodology for integrating ChatGPT, generative AI systems, virtual simulators, and digital design platforms into technology education is proposed. The findings indicate that the use of AI technologies significantly enhances students’ technical creativity, independent thinking, and innovative problem-solving skills. The proposed methodology contributes to improving the effectiveness of technology education and preparing students with competencies required in the digital economy.
technology education, artificial intelligence, technical creativity, digital technologies, AI-based learning, ChatGPT, project-based learning, STEM, STEAM, creative thinking.
10ГР8Л PULPA NASOSINING ISHCHI GʻILDIRAGINI TAKOMILLASHTIRISH: MONOLIT KONSTRUKSIYADAN QISMLI YECHIMGA OʻTISH
This paper considers the issue of introducing design modifications to the impeller of the 10GR8L slurry pump. In the original design, the impeller was manufactured as a single-piece (monolithic) cast component, whereas the proposed solution divides it into two separate parts: a main disc and a cover disc. The advantages of this design approach are analyzed in terms of simplifying manufacturing technology, improving pump maintenance convenience, and extending service life. The technical and economic efficiency of the proposed solution is substantiated.
slurry pump, impeller, monolithic design, segmented design, 10GR8L, wear resistance, abrasive slurry, pump modernization
SHAR PROKATLASH VALOKLARINI QIRQUVCHI KULACHOKLI MEXANIZMNING MATEMATIK MODELLARI VA KINEMATIK TAHLILI
Mazkur maqolada shar prokatlash valoklarining uch kirimli ( 3 z = ), ariqchalar markazi radial yo‘nalishda siljigan (eksentrik) vintli kalibrlarini qirquvchi tizim kulachokli mexanizmlarining analitik matematik modellari va kinematik tahlili bayon etiladi. Kesuvchi asbobning fazaviy trayektoriyasini ifodalovchi parametrik analitik model, dezaksial kulachokli mexanizm uchun sinusoidal, kosinusoidal va doimiy tezlanish harakat qonunlarida siljish, tezlik analogi, tezlanish analogi, bosim burchagi va nisbiy tezlik formulalari keltiriladi. RT117 toko-vintkesar dastgohida kulachokli kopir, xodovoy vint va shpindel orasidagi harakatlar sinxronizatsiyasining kinematik tenglamalari shakllantiriladi. Texnologik xatolarni baholash natijalari GOST 7524-2015 talablari doirasida bo‘lganligi aniqlandi. “O‘zmetkombinat” AJ ga joriy etish natijasida import kulachokli kopirlar tannarxi 3–3,5 marta, chashka rezeslar va opravkalar 3,5–4 marta arzonlashtirildi; ∅50 mm sharlarni ishlab chiqarish unumdorligi 1,5–1,6 marta oshirildi.
kulachokli mexanizm, shar prokatlash valogi, vintli kalibr, eksentrisitet, kulachok profili, kinematik tahlil, sinxronizatsiya, texnologik xato, dezaksial mexanizm, bosim burchagi.
SYNTHESIS OF MAYOLICA MATERIALS COMPATIBLE WITH HISTORICAL ARCHITECTURAL TILES BASED ON LOCAL MINERAL RESOURCES.
The issue of developing compositions and technological parameters compatible with traditional mayolica materials used in historical monuments, creating ceramic products with high strength and aesthetic characteristics based on local raw materials is considered. A ceramic mass was formed based on Kattabog clay soil, Angren secondary- grey kaolin, aluminosilicate raw materials, and the technological conditions of the firing process were analyzed. The composition of the samples was analyzed using a dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), structural bonds and functional groups were characterized using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Absorption peaks in the range of 909–786 cm⁻¹ in the spectrum indicate the presence of tetrahedral coordination [AIO4] structural units of aluminum. This condition is explained by the restructuring of the aluminosilicate lattice during the firing process, the formation of high-temperature stable phases. The possibility of creating mayolica ceramic materials with physico-mechanical, structural properties compatible with historical architectural tiles based on local raw materials is scientifically substantiated.
Mayolica, phase composition, peak, firing range, aluminosilicate lattice, tetrahedral coordination.
METALL BUYUMLAR SIRTIGA RUXLI VA FOSFATLI QOPLAMALARNI CHO‘KTIRISHNING CHIQINDISIZ TEXNOLOGIYASI
Texnologiyalar va jarayonlarning zamonaviy rivojlanishida detallar ko‘pincha turli xil reaktivlar va atrof-muhit bilan aloqa qilishlari kerak. Bunday aloqa uskunaning, uning turli qismlarining ishdan chiqishiga olib kelishi mumkin. Mashina va inshootlarning xizmat muddatini belgilovchi qismlarning 90% ishonchliligi ushbu sirt jarayonlarining intensivligiga bog‘liq. Bunday muammolarni oldini olish uchun himoya qoplamalari ishlatiladi. Bunday qoplamalarni yaratish uchun kimyoviy va elektrokimyoviy qoplash jarayonlaridan foydalaniladi.
fosfat, rux, korroziya, galvanotexnika, zang temir, xrom, trixlоretilen, tetrаxlоretilen, uglerоd tetrаxlоrid, xlаdоn, vibrоgаltоvkа vа vibrоpоlirоvkа
AGENTLAR VA VAN-SELLERLARNING TASHRIF REJASINI TALAB PROGNOZI ASOSIDA OPTIMALLASHTIRISH: ABC-SEGMENTATSIYA, PRIORITETLASH VA MARSHRUT (KONSEPTUAL MODEL)
Once a demand forecast is available, the next task is to plan — under the limited resources of an agent and a van-seller — which outlets to visit, at what frequency, and in what order. The second part of this three-part series proposes a three-stage conceptual model that combines ABC segmentation of outlets, demand-forecast– based visit prioritization, and route optimization (the traveling salesman problem, TSP). Evaluation metrics for the model (coverage, route length, number of visits) are described; empirical verification is intended on real data.
visit plan, beat plan, ABC analysis, route optimization, TSP, sales agents’ work, distribution
FORECASTING DEMAND AT THE OUTLET–PRODUCT LEVEL IN DISTRIBUTION USING MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL
In the distribution of fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG), the basis for building a correct plan for sales agents and van-sellers is an accurate forecast of future demand for each outlet and product. This article — the first part of a three-part series — proposes a conceptual and methodological model for forecasting weekly demand at the outlet–product (SKU) level using machine learning (ML) algorithms. Based on the data schema of a real distribution information system (DMS/SFA), it describes the feature set, the choice of models (Random Forest, XGBoost), and the evaluation methodology (MAE, RMSE, MAPE, R²). The article provides an integrated framework for practical implementation; empirical verification is intended to be carried out on real data.
distribution, demand forecasting, machine learning, XGBoost, Random Forest, FMCG, SKU, conceptual model
QISHLOQ XO‘JALIGIDA ISHLATILADIGAN KUCH TRANSFORMATORLARI EKSPLUATATSIYASINING AFZALLIKLARI VA KAMCHILIKLARINI QASHQADARYO VILOYATI G‘UZOR TUMANI MISOLIDA KO‘RISH
This article examines the operation of power transformers used in agriculture and water management, classified as electrical machines with a capacity of 25, 40, 63, 100, 160, 250, 400, and 630 kVA. It is based on the results of a survey in the Guzar district of the Kashkadarya region. Based on the survey results, the technical performance of the power transformer was examined, and ongoing repair, preventive maintenance, and capital work were considered
power transformer, operation, switchgear, maintenance, current repair, major repairs.
ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ КАРБАМИДО-ФОРМАЛЬДЕГИДНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ И ОЦЕНКА ИХ АГРОХИМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ В ВЕГЕТАЦИОННЫХ ОПЫТАХ
Представлены результаты исследований по получению пролонгированных карбамидоформальдегидных удобрений (КФУ). В вегетационных опытах показано, что при использовании КФУ выход зеленой массы рапса значительно выше (относительно карбамида), при этом 1 доза азота, внесенного с КФУ, равносильно внесению 1,5 доз азота карбамида
карбамид, формальдегид, удобрения, аммиачная селитра, скоростью растворения, метилендикарбамид, монометилолкарбамид, влагопоглощение, прочность гранул.
MAKTABGACHA TA’LIM MUASSASALARI UCHUN ONLINE MONITORING VA BOSHQARUV PLATFORMASINI ISHLAB CHIQISH
Ushbu maqolada maktabgacha ta’lim muassasalari faoliyatini samarali tashkil etish, nazorat qilish va boshqarish jarayonlarini raqamlashtirishga qaratilgan onlayn monitoring va boshqaruv tizimini yaratish masalalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot davomida mavjud muammolar tahlil qilinib, zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalaridan foydalangan holda yagona platforma ishlab chiqishning afzalliklari yoritiladi. Taklif etilayotgan tizim orqali tarbiyachilar, ota-onalar va boshqaruv organlari o‘rtasida tezkor axborot almashinuvi, ta’lim jarayonini real vaqt rejimida kuzatish hamda ma’lumotlarni tahlil qilish imkoniyati yaratiladi. Natijada ta’lim sifati va boshqaruv samaradorligini oshirishga erishiladi.
Maktabgacha ta’lim, onlayn monitoring, boshqaruv tizimi, axborot tizimi, raqamli platforma, ta’lim jarayonini nazorat qilish, elektron boshqaruv, ma’lumotlar bazasi, real vaqt tizimi, avtomatlashtirish, ta’lim sifati, innovatsion texnologiyalar, foydalanuvchi interfeysi, axborot almashinuvi, pedagogik jarayon.
INSON KUNDALIK HAYOTIDA ENERGIYA TAQSIMOTI
Sog‘lom ovqatlanish inson salomatligining asosiy omillaridan biri hisoblanadi. Har bir oziq-ovqat mahsulotining tarkibidagi energiya miqdori – ya’ni kaloriyaviy quvvati, inson tanasiga zarur bo’lgan energiya manbaidir. Bu energiya harakat qilish, nafas olish, yurak-qon tomir tizimi faoliyati va muhitga moslashish kabi fiziologik jarayonlarni amalga oshirish uchun sarflanadi. Ushbu maqolada oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarining energetik quvvati (kaloriyalik qiymati) tushunchasi, uni aniqlash usullari hamda inson organizmi hayotiy faoliyatidagi ahamiyati ilmiy-nazariy jihatdan yoritiladi. Makronutrientlar — oqsillar, yog’lar va uglevodlarning energetik hissasi tahlil qilinib, turli oziq-ovqat mahsulotlarining kaloriyalik qiymati solishtiriladi. Shuningdek, rasional ovqatlanishni shakllantirishda energetik balansning roli ko’rib chiqiladi.
energetik quvvat, kaloriya, oziq-ovqat mahsulotlari, oqsil, yog’, uglevod, rasional ovqatlanish.
MAKTAB PEDAGOGLAR UCHUN JSON TEXNOLOGIYASI ASOSIDA ELEKTRON HUJJATLAR BAZASINI YARATISH
Maqolada maktab pedagoglariga tegishli hujjatlarni – buyruqlar, sertifikatlar, attestatsiya natijalari va o'quv-metodik ishlarni – raqamli shaklda saqlash, qidirish va boshqarishga mo'ljallangan elektron hujjatlar bazasi tizimini JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) texnologiyasi asosida yaratish masalalari ko'rib chiqilgan. An'anaviy qog'oz asosidagi hujjat yuritish tizimining kamchiliklari tahlil etilgan, HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript ES6+ va Bootstrap 5 texnologiyalari qo'llanilgan holda qo'shimcha server infratuzilmasini talab etmaydigan dasturiy ta'minot ishlab chiqilgan. Sinov natijalari tizim maktab ma'muriyatining ish samaradorligini 60–70 foizga oshirish va yillik 15,5 million so'mdan ortiq tejash imkonini berishini ko'rsatgan.
elektron hujjat, ma'lumotlar bazasi, JSON, pedagog, maktab, vebilova, SPA, localStorage, CRUD, avtomatlashtirish
REAL VAQT REJIMIDA VIDEOTASVIRLARNI FILTRLASH ALGORITMLARINING KOMPYUTER KO‘RISH TIZIMLARIDAGI AHAMIYATI
Ushbu maqolada real vaqt rejimida videotasvirlarni filtrlash algoritmlarining kompyuter ko‘rish tizimlaridagi ahamiyati tadqiq etiladi. Tajriba obyekti sifatida Hikvision IP kamera Model: TL7534101K orqali olingan videokadrlar tanlandi. Videokuzatuv tizimlarida obyektni aniqlash harakatni kuzatish va xavfsizlik monitoringi natijasi nafaqat kameraning apparat imkoniyatiga balki kiruvchi tasvir signalining dastlabki qayta ishlanishiga ham bog‘liq. Tungi yoki past yoritilgan sharoitda olingan kadrlar shovqin kontrast yetishmasligi xiralashish va fon bilan obyekt o‘rtasidagi farqning kamayishi bilan tavsiflanadi. Bunday holatda median Gauss bilateral filtr CLAHE va gamma-korreksiya kabi usullar kompyuter ko‘rish modellariga uzatiladigan axborotni sifat jihatdan yaxshilaydi. Maqolada real vaqt cheklovlari kadrni qayta ishlash vaqti FPS ko‘rsatkichi kechikish va aniqlik o‘rtasidagi muvozanat ilmiy-amaliy jihatdan tahlil qilindi. Natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki real vaqtli tizimlarda filtr tanlashda faqat tasvir sifati emas balki hisoblash murakkabligi ham muhim mezon hisoblanadi.
real vaqt videotasvir raqamli filtr kompyuter ko‘rish IP-kamera Hikvision median filtr Gauss filtri bilateral filtr CLAHE FPS kechikish obyektni aniqlash.
INTEGRATION OF SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEMS INTO THE ARCHITECTURE OF CIVIL BUILDINGS (BIPV — BUILDINGINTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS): PROSPECTS OF USING SOLAR PANELS NOT ONLY AS ENERGY SOURCES BUT AS FACADE AND ROOFING MATERIALS IN THE DESIGN OF “SMART”
The accelerating transition toward Zero Energy Buildings (ZEB) demands a paradigm shift in which the building envelope is reconceptualized as an active energy-generating surface rather than a passive thermal barrier. This article addresses the architectural-engineering integration of photovoltaic generators into the facades and roofs of civil buildings (Building-Integrated Photovoltaics, BIPV), with particular emphasis on the hot-arid climatic conditions of Bukhara, Uzbekistan, where annual global horizontal irradiance exceeds 1750 kWh/m². Combining comparative thermal analysis (U-value calculation), normative climate-data evaluation, and a techno-economic feasibility model, the study quantifies the dual function of BIPV envelopes as both load-bearing cladding and decentralized electricity sources. Results indicate that semi-transparent crystalline-silicon BIPV facades can offset 38–54 % of a typical office building’s annual electrical demand while simultaneously reducing thermal transmittance by 27–34 % compared to conventional double-glazed curtain walls. The author’s contribution lies in formulating an integration methodology adapted to the regulatory and climatic context of Uzbekistan, including specific tiltand- orientation correction coefficients for the Kyzylkum desert margin.
Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV); Zero Energy Building (ZEB); thermal transmittance (U-value); insolation; semi-transparent photovoltaics; building envelope; passive design; photovoltaic conversion efficiency; smart facade; energy-efficient architecture.
ТЕПЛОПОСТУПЛЕНИЯ В ПОМЕЩЕНИЕ ОТ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ РАДИАЦИИ
В работе рассматриваются теплопоступления в помещение от солнечной радиации как один из ключевых факторов, влияющих на тепловой баланс зданий. Проанализированы основные пути проникновения солнечной энергии через ограждающие конструкции, включая окна, стены и кровлю. Особое внимание уделено влиянию ориентации здания, характеристик остекления и использования солнцезащитных устройств на величину теплопоступлений. Приведены методы расчёта солнечных тепловых нагрузок и их учет при проектировании систем отопления, вентиляции и кондиционирования воздуха. Рассмотрены способы снижения избыточных теплопоступлений и повышения энергоэффективности зданий.
солнечная радиация, теплопоступления, тепловой баланс, ограждающие конструкции, остекление, инсоляция, солнцезащита, энергоэффективность, микроклимат помещения, тепловая нагрузка
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTELLIGENT OPTICAL MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR FRUIT QUALITY CONTROL
This paper presents the theoretical development of an intelligent optical system for fruit sorting based on surface quality characteristics. The proposed system integrates machine vision technologies, rotational scanning, laser sensors, and artificial intelligence algorithms. RGB analysis and neural networks are applied for defect detection and classification of fruits according to quality categories. The simplified system design reduces energy consumption, improves operational stability, and enables efficient real-time sorting. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the proposed system is promising for implementation in modern automated agricultural processing enterprises.
intelligent optical system, fruit sorting, machine vision, artificial intelligence, neural networks, RGB analysis, defect detection, automation, energy efficiency, conveyor system.
ЎЗБЕКИСТОНДА ТРАНСПОРТ ХИЗМАТЛАРИ СИФАТИНИ ОШИРИШ ЙЎЛЛАРИ: ИНФРАТУЗИЛМА ВА ЛОГИСТИКА ЁНДАШУВИ
The article analyzes the main factors influencing the quality of transport services and highlights the theoretical and practical aspects of developing transport and logistics infrastructure. In addition, based on the assessment of technical and operational factors, a system of indicators affecting service quality has been developed, and an integrated approach has been proposed.
transport, logistics, infrastructure, service quality, technical and
ИҚТИСОДИЙ ҲУДУДНИНГ ТРАНСПОРТ САЛОҲИЯТИНИ БАҲОЛАШНИНГ ИЛМИЙ-УСЛУБИЙ ЁНДАШУВЛАРИ
Иқтисодий ҳудуднинг транспорт-логистика салоҳияти унинг ижтимоий-иқтисодий ривожланиш даражаси ва рақобатбардошлигини белгилайди. Мазкур тадқиқотнинг мақсади ҳудуд транспорт салоҳиятининг транспорт хизматлари ҳажми ва сифатига таъсирини баҳолашдан иборат. Тадқиқотда Хоразм вилояти мисолида транспорт салоҳиятига таъсир этувчи омиллар таҳлил қилиниб, корреляция ва регрессия усуллари асосида баҳолаш амалга оширилди. Натижада транспорт хизматлари ҳажмига энг катта таъсир кўрсатувчи омил сифатида транспорт корхоналари сони аниқланди ҳамда транспорт салоҳиятини баҳолашнинг интеграл тенгламаси таклиф этилди
транспорт салоҳияти, логистика, корреляция таҳлили, транспорт хизматлари, инфратузилма
ЛИНЕЙНЫЙ ИНТЕГРАЛ И ЦИРКУЛЯЦИЯ ВЕКТОРНОГО ПОЛЯ
В данной работе рассматриваются линейный интеграл и циркуляция векторного поля как важные понятия математического анализа и теории поля. Изучаются основные определения, свойства и методы вычисления линейных интегралов по кривой. Особое внимание уделяется физическому и геометрическому смыслу циркуляции векторного поля, а также условиям независимости интеграла от пути интегрирования. Приводятся примеры применения линейных интегралов в механике, физике и инженерных задачах. Работа направлена на формирование понимания связи между векторными полями, криволинейными интегралами и их практическим использованием
линейный интеграл, циркуляция векторного поля, радиуса-вектора ,ориентированной кривой, криволинейный интеграл первого и второго рода, скалярное произведение, замкнутой линии, кусочно-гладкая
TRACKER VIDEO ANALYSIS DASTURI YORDAMIDA MAKSVELL MAYATNIGINING SO‘NISH KOEFFITSIYENTINI EKSPERIMENTAL ANIQLASH
Mazkur maqolada Maksvell mayatnigining harakat jarayonida yuzaga keluvchi qarshilik kuchlari va ularning harakat dinamikasiga ta’siri tadqiq qilindi. Tajribalarni amalga oshirishda Tracker Video Analysis dasturidan foydalanilib, mayatnik harakatining videoanalizi bajarildi hamda koordinata, tezlik va tezlanishning vaqtga bog‘liqlik grafigi olindi. Olingan eksperimental ma’lumotlar asosida tizimdagi energiya yo‘qotilishi va amplitudaning so‘nishi tahlil qilinib, qarshilik koeffitsiyenti hisoblab chiqildi. Tadqiqot natijalari videoanaliz texnologiyalarining mexanika bo‘limidagi laboratoriya mashg‘ulotlari samaradorligini oshirishdagi ahamiyatini ko‘rsatadi. Shuningdek, ushbu metod an’anaviy o‘lchash vositalariga nisbatan yuqori aniqlik va qulaylikka ega ekanligi bilan tavsiflanadi.
Maksvell mayatnigi, qarshilik koeffitsiyenti, videoanaliz, Tracker dasturi, mexanik harakat, amplituda so‘nishi, energiya yo‘qotilishi, laboratoriya tajribasi.
FREELANCER.UZ WEB PLATFORMASINI ISHLAB CHIQISH
Ushbu maqolada O‘zbekiston Respublikasi sharoitida milliy freelance platformasi — freelancer.uz veb-tizimini ishlab chiqishning nazariy asoslari, arxitekturaviy yondashuvlari va dasturiy yechimlari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqotning dolzarbligi raqamli iqtisodiyot rivojlanishi, masofaviy mehnat bozorining kengayishi hamda mahalliy mutaxassislar uchun ishonchli va moslashtirilgan platformaga ehtiyoj bilan belgilanadi. Maqolada Upwork, Fiverr va Freelancer.com kabi xalqaro platformalar tahlil qilinib, funksional va funksional bo‘lmagan talablar aniqlangan hamda “mijoz– ijrochi–tizim” modeli taklif etilgan. Texnik jihatdan tizim Node.js va PostgreSQL asosidagi backend hamda React.js asosidagi frontenddan iborat uch qatlamli arxitektura sifatida ishlab chiqilgan. Click, Payme va Uzcard to‘lov tizimlari bilan integratsiya qilingan escrow mexanizmi qo‘llanilgan. Natijada reyting, kelishuv va nizolarni hal etish modullari ishlab chiqilib, platformaning ishonchliligi oshirilgan.
freelance platforma, raqamli iqtisodiyot, masofaviy mehnat, escrow, React.js, Node.js, to‘lov tizimlari.